Flat parasitic worms are represented in our planet fauna, mainly digenetic saucers (cat and liver bicari) and tape worms (bulls and pork plate, wide ribbon, echinococcus).
Their diseases are called helminths.The nutrients of the worms are absorbed by a rotating hole or the surface of their body with osmosis.
List of diseases
Helminths caused by flat helminths are classified according to different signs - method of infection, number of owners, lifestyles, etc.
Due to the presence or absence of an intermediate host, 3 diseases are distinguished:
- Geogelmintosis,In which worms do not need a temporary owner.Geo -Gogelminthiasis worms are localized in the human body, which is the final master of them.
- Biogelmintosis,It is characterized by the fact that parasites, except for the main (final) host, also need intermediate.
- HymenolepidosisOr otherwise contagious (contact) is a helminth in which the parasites move from human to the person.From the human body, parasites are distinguished by sexuality, ready for further invasion.
Depending on the development characteristics, the pathogens are classified:
- By invasion;
- The nature of life in the external environment;
- In human pathology with occupied value.
Cestods can be done in various ways-petrative through the skin, swallowing worm eggs, bite of insect trains.The migration of parasites is often accompanied by a disruption of the integrity of the tissues and organs.
Important!Most often, the cestodes are localized in the gastrointestinal tract.But some types of helminths are settled in other organs and systems - liver, lungs, bile ducts.
Helminthosis is a common name for diseases caused by worms.The invasions of the specific types of helminths often bear specific names.Here are some diseases caused by certain types of flat parasites.
Tennisism is a disease that occurs during a bull chain infection.Invasia is characterized by pronounced toxic-allergic manifestations and dyspeptic disorders.
Tusarinchosis belongs to biogelmintosis.That is, the bull tapeworm has final (mouth) and intermediate hosts (cattle).The infection occurs when the worms enter the human body when eating incorrectly cooked meat of the infected animal.The parasite is localized in the intestines, fastening its walls with suction cups, which at the same time damages the integrity of the intestinal tissue.
Tusarinchosis often occurs without symptoms.But in case of severe injury, the following manifestations of the disease occur:
- Dyspepsia;
- Nausea;
- Bad appetite;
- Abundant salivation;
- Feeling gravity in epigastria;
- Heartburn;
- Vomiting.
Teniosis is a helminthiasis caused by a pig chain infection.It is characterized by damage to both individual organs (brain, eyes) and systemic disorders (dyspepsia, disruption of central nervous system functions).
Pork frying is a strip that parasitizes the mouth of the mouth.Parts of his body, along with eggs, eat the pigs during the bowel movement, which will become an intermediate host.In addition to pigs, the role of the latter can play rabbits, dogs, rabbits, camels.Man is the only final master for helminth.
For information!They are infected with a chain, inadequate welded or fried pigs, it is possible to invade water and dirty hands.
The clinical picture of Tusias is similar to the manifestations of tennarincosis, only more pronounced.People infected with chain can be short -lived.The complex form of tissue and human organs is affected by pavement eggs, the production of inhibited larvae - the cyst.Depending on the latter localization, it is possible to have severe disorders of the heart and brain activity, vision vision (including complete blindness).
Echinococcosis
Echinococcosis is caused by tape worms with alveococcus and echinococci.
Invasions develop with the participation of two owners:
- Intermediate (comprehensive and herbaceous and herbaceous gods, personality) in which the form of helminth larvae parasitizes;
- The final (PS - jackals, wolves, foxes) in which adults of worms are located.
Echinococcosis is transmitted from animals to humans, that is, they are in the invasions of their type.The infection occurs through the egg, vegetables, fruits.
The disease is manifested in 2 forms:
- Single scheme (hydrate, cystic);
- And multi -cereal echinococcosis (alveococcosis).
For humans, echinococcosis is a process of producing cysts (Finn) that arises in various organs - heart, liver, lungs, bones, brain.Metastases may form like cancer.
Note!The clinic and the severity of the disease are determined by the size and quantity of cysts, their localization.The affected organs are exposed to dystrophic changes (parenchymal atrophy, stromal sclerosis).Parasite metabolism products cause toxic-allergic reactions.With the breakdown of the rooted cyst, anaphylactic shock is not excluded.
Hymenolepidosis
The disease is caused by dwarf flour - a relatively small helminth if you compare it to other representatives of this class.
Tapeworm has a small head, neck and body divided into members.When its eggs fall into the human body, they develop in the larvae attached to the gut walls attached to the villain.The larvae turn into young people (cysteecoecoids), which are the intermediate stage between the larvae and adult Helminth.
Cystiscoid is a dwarf tint that is very dangerous for the owner, as cysticemakoids can destroy the intestinal walls by forming inflammation and erosion.The human body responds to the defeat of anemia and signs of poisoning.
Eggs run into flour adults.When helminth reaches a certain length, part of its body members falls with eggs and passes through the feces.The second part remains in the intestines and continues its life cycle.
Dwarf chain invasion occurs when drinking dirty water, attracting vegetables and fruits, consuming gelminati, when tangled with hands, with eggs, faces and lips.
Hymenolepidosis is manifested by the following main symptoms:
- Rapid weight loss;
- Pain in the stomach;
- Strong weakness.
The disease is diagnosed on the basis of fecal analysis results.Treatment is performed with synthetic medications, the doctor will determine the dose and administration after checking the patient and studying the analysis data.
The main way to prevent infection is to keep cleanliness: frequent hand washing and showering, changing clothes, maintaining the bath with the help of effective disinfectants.
Danger for people
Incasia by kestodes (hymenolepidosis, diphylobotrosis, tusosis, cysticiosis, shadows) are very dangerous diseases that are a threat to life complications.
It's worth knowing!The manifestation of helminthesis may vary depending on the affected systems and organs of the worms and the degree of infection.With the damage to the central nervous system, behavior may occur inadequate, paralysis, epileptic seizures, hyperactivity.The patient may experience headache and dizziness, weakness, insomnia.
Allergic reactions are often used in response to infection in the form of quincent edema, urticaria, or food allergies.
Significant digestive disorders can be observed in the form of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal or sharp pain.In some cases, pancreatitis and cholecystitis may develop.The result of a disruption of the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is usually a sharp loss of weight.
Blood tests can detect hypochromic anemia and eosinophilia.
Prevention
Prevention is mainly reduced by compliance with the rules of personal hygiene.Without it, it is almost impossible to avoid infection, being in an environment where helminth eggs are widespread.No less important in terms of invasion of the invasion is the proper heat treatment of meat and other products.
Prevention Basic Recommendations:
- Make sure you wash your hands when returning from the street, before eating, after indicating natural needs.
- Serve only fresh, well -washed fruits and vegetables.
- Drink only boiled or bottled water.Even filtered water can contain parasitic eggs, let alone what is supplied from water supply without filtration.
- Avoid very close contact with pets - do not let them in bed, do not kiss.Regularly check the "our little brothers" for helminths, if necessary, contact the veterinary clinic.
- More often to wash the beds and stroke underwear, especially the baby.
- Maintain your immunity at the appropriate level.This will allow the body to cope with helminths on their own.
- In the presence of circumstances that create the risk of increasing infection (business trip or tourist travel to exotic countries, stay in groups where the risk of invasion is high), use antigelms preventive administration.But this should be done no more than 2 times a year, with mandatory consulting with your doctor.
If the infection occurs, then medications are prescribed individually by your doctor.These are usually tablet drugs.In more severe cases, injections, drops, irradiation are used.
Traditional medicine remedies, their proper use, are also effective in fighting helminths.